End of Roman Republic - Beginning of the Roman Empire
27 B.C. - Octavian takes the title of Augustus becoming the first emperor of Rome.
First Roman Emperor (27 B.C - 14 A.D.)
Caesar Augustus, formerly known as Octavian. Julius Caesars adopted son and grand nephew.
Accomplishments:
-He appointed Proconsuls to each of the empire's provinces, which restored order and peace in the empire.
-Making tax collectors government officials. Tax collectors took more money than they were allowed to and making them a government official meant they got paid and no longer had to take tax payers money which helped keep the peace.
Julio-Claudian Emperors: (14AD-68AD)
-Augustus
Tiberius
Caligula
Claudius
Nero
The Year Of The Four Emperors: (69AD)
-In 68 A.D. Nero killed himself because the emperor of spain, Galba, was marching on Rome.
-Galba made himself emperor but that ended when one of his supporters, Otho, turned on him and killed him about the time the governor of upper Germany, Vitellius, rebelled and marched on Rome.
-Otho was emperor for a short amount of time when he fought with Vitellius yet Otho died.
-all of these emperors were from the west so the army in the east (western Asia) decided they wanted an emperor who payed more attention to them therefore they appointed their own general, Vespasian, emperor. One of Vespasian's friends fought with Vitellius and Vitellius was killed so Vespasian became emperor.
The Year Of The Five Emperors: (193AD)
-Following the Assassination of Commodus in 193 AD, Pertinax was declared Emperor on New Years.
-Once Pertinax was assassinated Didius Julianus took over as emperor.
-After Didius Julianus was assassinated Pescennius Niger took the role of emperor.
-Since Pescennius Niger was murdered Clodius Albinus became emperor.
-When Clodius Albinus was put to death by the senate Septimius Serverus stepped up as emperor and started the Severan dynasty.
The Year Of Six Emperors: (238AD)
-In 238 AD Maximus Thracian who ruled from 235 AD was assassinated by his pretorian guard but before that the senate appointed Gordian 1 and Gordian 2 co-emperors.
-They only lasted 20 days.
-Pupienus and Balbinus were made co-emperors, they didn't last either.
-The last emperor was Gordian 3 who ruled alone until 244 AD
27 B.C. - Octavian takes the title of Augustus becoming the first emperor of Rome.
First Roman Emperor (27 B.C - 14 A.D.)
Caesar Augustus, formerly known as Octavian. Julius Caesars adopted son and grand nephew.
Accomplishments:
-He appointed Proconsuls to each of the empire's provinces, which restored order and peace in the empire.
-Making tax collectors government officials. Tax collectors took more money than they were allowed to and making them a government official meant they got paid and no longer had to take tax payers money which helped keep the peace.
Julio-Claudian Emperors: (14AD-68AD)
-Augustus
Tiberius
Caligula
Claudius
Nero
The Year Of The Four Emperors: (69AD)
-In 68 A.D. Nero killed himself because the emperor of spain, Galba, was marching on Rome.
-Galba made himself emperor but that ended when one of his supporters, Otho, turned on him and killed him about the time the governor of upper Germany, Vitellius, rebelled and marched on Rome.
-Otho was emperor for a short amount of time when he fought with Vitellius yet Otho died.
-all of these emperors were from the west so the army in the east (western Asia) decided they wanted an emperor who payed more attention to them therefore they appointed their own general, Vespasian, emperor. One of Vespasian's friends fought with Vitellius and Vitellius was killed so Vespasian became emperor.
The Year Of The Five Emperors: (193AD)
-Following the Assassination of Commodus in 193 AD, Pertinax was declared Emperor on New Years.
-Once Pertinax was assassinated Didius Julianus took over as emperor.
-After Didius Julianus was assassinated Pescennius Niger took the role of emperor.
-Since Pescennius Niger was murdered Clodius Albinus became emperor.
-When Clodius Albinus was put to death by the senate Septimius Serverus stepped up as emperor and started the Severan dynasty.
The Year Of Six Emperors: (238AD)
-In 238 AD Maximus Thracian who ruled from 235 AD was assassinated by his pretorian guard but before that the senate appointed Gordian 1 and Gordian 2 co-emperors.
-They only lasted 20 days.
-Pupienus and Balbinus were made co-emperors, they didn't last either.
-The last emperor was Gordian 3 who ruled alone until 244 AD
Diocletian 284AD-305AD
He established property and income taxes and also to govern Rome, he established a Tetrarchy (rule by four). He established a Tetrarchy to end revolts, rebellions, and assassinations which had been occurring, on a weekly basis, somewhere in the empire for many years. Diocletian then divided the empire into two parts (east and west).Both of the emperors on the east and west side were called "Augustus".The emperors in training (both of the east and west side) were known as "Caesar". The emperor would adopt the emperor in training (Caesar) as his son, thereby establishing a dynasty (a family of rulers who rule over a country for a long period of time). This solves the problem of succession (who comes next) because now everyone knows who the next ruler or emperor will be.
Constantine 306AD-337AD
Constantine was an emperor in training called a Caesar when he got in a fight with the other Caesar over total reign. In the battle of Milvian Bridge Constantine defeated Maxentius and takes control. In 312AD Christianity becomes "good". Constantine had a dream with a cross in the sky with the words IN HOC VINCES which means by this sign victory. The next day he won his battle and later created the Edict of Milan which legalized Christianity.
Theodosius 379AD-395AD
Theodosius outlawed gladiator games and also declared only 1 religion to be legal, Christianity.
Fall of the Western Roman Empire: (476AD)
He established property and income taxes and also to govern Rome, he established a Tetrarchy (rule by four). He established a Tetrarchy to end revolts, rebellions, and assassinations which had been occurring, on a weekly basis, somewhere in the empire for many years. Diocletian then divided the empire into two parts (east and west).Both of the emperors on the east and west side were called "Augustus".The emperors in training (both of the east and west side) were known as "Caesar". The emperor would adopt the emperor in training (Caesar) as his son, thereby establishing a dynasty (a family of rulers who rule over a country for a long period of time). This solves the problem of succession (who comes next) because now everyone knows who the next ruler or emperor will be.
Constantine 306AD-337AD
Constantine was an emperor in training called a Caesar when he got in a fight with the other Caesar over total reign. In the battle of Milvian Bridge Constantine defeated Maxentius and takes control. In 312AD Christianity becomes "good". Constantine had a dream with a cross in the sky with the words IN HOC VINCES which means by this sign victory. The next day he won his battle and later created the Edict of Milan which legalized Christianity.
Theodosius 379AD-395AD
Theodosius outlawed gladiator games and also declared only 1 religion to be legal, Christianity.
Fall of the Western Roman Empire: (476AD)
- -On September 4th 476 AD, the German general named Odoacer had enough support that he overthrew the emperor, a 14-year-old boy named Romulus Augustulus.From then on, foreign powers ruled what had been the Roman Empire. Seven Reasons For The Fall Of The Roman Empire (476 AD)
-Non citizen Roman army
-Christianity becomes intolerant of other religions
-Too big to govern
-Too big to defend
-Barbarian invasions
-Taxes too high
-Wealthy people not doing their fair share (paying taxes, joining the army, participating in government)